Learning path · Beginner · 4 steps

🌐 Networking Fundamentals

Understand how data finds its way across the internet, one layer at a time. Each step explains a concept in plain English, then hands you a tool to try it on real data.

  1. 1

    How machines get an address

    What an IP address is, IPv4 vs IPv6, and public vs private. See the address the internet sees for you, then look one up.

    📖 Read: What Is an IP Address? · 4 min

  2. 2

    How names become addresses

    DNS turns a domain into an IP. Learn the record types, then resolve a real domain's A, MX and TXT records.

    📖 Read: Understanding DNS Records · 5 min

    🔧 Practice:
  3. 3

    How networks are divided

    CIDR notation and subnets decide which addresses belong to a network. Learn the math, then compute a subnet yourself.

    📖 Read: CIDR & Subnets Explained · 5 min

  4. 4

    How connections are secured

    How TLS certificates and CSRs prove a site's identity. Inspect a live certificate and decode a CSR.

    📖 Read: What Is a CSR (Certificate Signing Request)? · 4 min

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